Functional shifts in orthodontics: A case report

• Author Details:   
• Annapurna Kannan ^*
• Bhadrinath Srinivasan
• Vignesh Kailasam

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Functional shifts in mandibular positioning can influence occlusion, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health, and orthodontic outcomes. Conditions such as disc displacement with reduction, TMJ dislocation, disc displacement without reduction, myositis/myospasms, and osteoarthritis often receive significant attention. However, functional shifts—a potential precursor to many of these disorders—are frequently overlooked. Functional examination is a vital tool for identifying subtle indicators of TMJ dysfunction, particularly in cases without obvious pathology. Research demonstrates that accurate diagnosis and management of functional shifts can restore equilibrium between condylar positioning and occlusion, thereby reducing the risk of long-term joint damage. This case report examines a patient with functional shift and malocclusion, detailing their diagnostic evaluation, intervention, and post-treatment outcomes. The report also highlights the importance of incorporating functional diagnostics into routine orthodontic practice to optimize treatment outcomes and ensure long-term stability. The findings of this case report highlight the role of functional analysis in achieving stable occlusal and TMJ health, emphasizing its importance in orthodontic care.